The History of NIDA. The National Identification Authority (NIDA) is a pivotal institution in Tanzania, established to streamline the identification and registration of citizens and legal residents. Its history is deeply rooted in a vision to enhance security and governance in Tanzania and the region.
This article explores the history, milestones, and ongoing efforts of NIDA, providing insights into its role in modernizing Tanzania’s identity management systems.
The Origin of National Identification Cards in Tanzania
The idea of National Identification Cards for Tanzanians and foreign residents dates back to 1968. It was initiated during an ‘Interstate Intelligence Gathering’ meeting involving representatives from Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, and Zambia.
At the time, Kenya and Zambia already had their National Identification systems in place. It was resolved that for improved security and governance, Tanzania and Uganda should also establish National Identification Cards for their citizens.
Over the years, the Tanzanian government made several attempts to implement a National Identification system. However, these efforts faced significant challenges, and it was not until 1986 that the Identification Cards Act was passed. Unfortunately, the Act was not operationalized due to the absence of supporting regulations.
Feasibility Study and Project Approval
A feasibility study conducted in 2006 confirmed the viability of a National Identification project in Tanzania. The study outlined the project’s costs, implementation strategies, and recommended using ‘Smartcard’ technology.
This proposal received approval from the Cabinet in February 2007 during a meeting held in Dodoma. The Cabinet further directed the formation of a Steering Committee comprising senior government officials to oversee the project’s implementation.
In 2012, the Identification Cards Act of 1986 was revisited, and regulations were finally enacted in 2014, laying the foundation for NIDA’s operations.
Establishment of NIDA
The National Identification Authority (NIDA) was officially established on August 1, 2008, following a decree signed by the fourth-phase President of Tanzania, Hon. Dr. Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete. Published in Government Gazette GN No. 122, the decree assigned NIDA several critical responsibilities:
- Registration of Residents: Identifying and registering all residents aged 18 and above in Tanzania, ensuring their data meets national and international standards.
- Issuance of National Identification Cards: Providing secure, universally recognized IDs to citizens, resident foreigners, and refugees legally residing in Tanzania.
- Data Management: Maintaining a reliable and easily accessible National Electronic Population Register for integration with other government systems and the private sector.
- Good Governance: Promoting transparency and efficiency in identity management.
Expansion and Importance of National IDs
The establishment of the East African Community (EAC) has further emphasized the importance of National Identification Cards. With five member countries agreeing on free movement within the region, having reliable IDs has become a necessity.
NIDA has risen to this challenge by opening registration offices in all districts across Tanzania, including Zanzibar, to ensure comprehensive coverage.
Registration Activities
NIDA began registration and identification activities in 2011 with a pilot project targeting public servants and residents of Kilombero District, Morogoro Region. Official registration commenced in Dar es Salaam in June 2012 and later expanded to all districts in mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar. As of now, NIDA operates 151 district registration offices, offering seamless services to citizens and residents.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What is the purpose of NIDA in Tanzania?
NIDA’s primary purpose is to identify and register residents aged 18 and above, issue National Identification Cards, and maintain a reliable National Population Register to support governance and security.
- Who can apply for a NIDA card?
Tanzanian citizens, resident foreigners, and refugees legally residing in the country can apply for a NIDA card.
- What technology is used in NIDA identification cards?
NIDA utilizes ‘Smartcard’ technology, ensuring secure and internationally recognized National Identification Cards.
- Where can I register for a NIDA card?
You can register at any of NIDA’s 151 district offices across mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar.
- Why are National Identification Cards important?
National IDs facilitate security, governance, and free movement within the East African Community, while also integrating with other government and private sector systems.
Conclusion
The establishment of NIDA marks a significant milestone in Tanzania’s journey toward modern identity management. From its inception in 1968 to the current nationwide registration coverage, NIDA has proven to be a critical institution in enhancing governance and facilitating regional integration.
As Tanzania continues to advance in digital identity and security, NIDA’s role remains pivotal in shaping the nation’s future.